Carbonyl Sulphide (OCS) Variability with Latitude in the Atmosphere     

Gisèle Krysztofiak  Yao Veng Té  Gwenaël Berthet  Geoffrey C. Toon  Fabrice Jégou 《大气与海洋》2015,53(1):89-101

Abstract

Carbonyl sulphide (OCS) is an important precursor of sulphate aerosols and consequently a key species in stratospheric ozone depletion. The SPectromètre InfraRouge d'Absorption à Lasers Embarqués (SPIRALE) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) balloon-borne instruments have flown in the tropics and in the polar Arctic, and ground-based measurements have been performed by the Qualité de l'Air (QualAir) Fourier Transform Spectrometer in Paris. Partial and total columns and vertical profiles have been obtained to study OCS variability with altitude, latitude, and season. The annual total column variation in Paris reveals a seasonal variation with a maximum in April–June and a minimum in November–January. Total column measurements above Paris and from SWIR balloon-borne instrument are compared with several MkIV measurements, several Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) stations, aircraft, ship, and balloon measurements to highlight the OCS total column decrease from tropical to polar latitudes. OCS high-resolution in situ vertical profiles have been measured for the first time in the altitude range between 14 and 30?km at tropical and polar latitudes. OCS profiles are compared with Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite measurements and show good agreement. Using the correlation between OCS and N₂O from SPIRALE, the OCS stratospheric lifetime has been accurately determined. We find a stratospheric lifetime of 68?±?20 years at polar latitudes and 58?±?14 years at tropical latitudes leading to a global stratospheric sink of 49?±?14?Gg?S?y^?1.  相似文献   

Abundance and Distribution of Fatty Acids in Sediments of the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge     

HUANG Xin  ZENG Zhigang  CHEN Shuai  YIN Xuebo  WANG Xiaoyuan  MA Yao  YANG Baoju  RONG Kunbo  SHU Yunchao  JIANG Tao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,(2):277-283

Sediment samples obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were studies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) for the abundance and distributions of total fatty acids(TFAs). Approximately 34 fatty acids were identified, with the chain-lengths ranging from C12 to C30. The total concentrations of TFAs(∑TFA) ranged from 7.15 to 30.09 μg g-1 dry sediment, and ∑TFA was weakly correlated with bitumen content(R2 = 0.69). The ∑TFA of samples around hydrothermal areas were significantly higher than that of samples away from hydrothermal areas, indicating intense primary production and large biomass in the hydrothermal areas, and suggesting a close relationship between hydrothermal activity and ∑TFA of samples. The characteristics of the TFA composition in the present study are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and lacking in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratios between the concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids and ΣTFAs in samples close to the hydrothermal areas, are about 0.8, but for samples far from the hydrothermal areas, they are only about 0.5. Several fatty acids(e.g., a/i C15:0 and C16:1ω7), which are signature biomarkers for sulfur-metabolizing bacteria, show the same distribution trend as ∑TFA of samples, further highlighting the close relationship between fatty acid content and hydrothermal activity and/or hydrothermal communities. The metabolic activities of hydrothermal communities, especially those of microorganisms, are likely the main source of fatty acids in samples.  相似文献   

测量机器人的关键技术     

闫利  陈宇  谢洪  戴集成  赵英豪  胡啸  李瑶  赵玏洋  王月琴 《测绘学报》2021,50(9):1159-1169

本文提出了测量机器人概念,重点分析了测量机器人的组成框架及关键技术,聚焦定位与建图、场景感知、路径规划及多机协同等测量机器人前沿研究领域,综述了最新研究进展,并剖析了当前面临的技术难题,简述了测量机器人的发展机遇.  相似文献   

《坤舆万国全图》地图数字复原与讨论     

李敬敏  骆遥 《测绘科学》2021,46(4):121-134

《坤舆万国全图》是我国现存最早的世界地图,针对以往难于窥见巨幅地图全貌,国内学者对其投影类型及性质一直存在争论,该文利用美国国会图书馆高清扫描件对其进行考证,确认《坤舆万国全图》主图采用Ortelius椭圆投影,并利用现代计算机技术对其进行恢复,提取出精确的地理信息,为进一步研究中西测绘史提供了数字化实例.同时,针对近年来明代中国人环球测绘《坤舆万国全图》的说法,该文对成图年代、部分地名注记、南美大陆形状等进行研究,认为质疑《坤舆万国全图》的主要观点并不成立,该图作者应是利玛窦,利玛窦世界地图无疑是东西方文化交流互鉴中最具传奇色彩的历史见证.  相似文献   

吉尔吉斯斯坦布丘克造山型金矿床：来自流体包裹体、H- O- S同位素证据     

史鹏亮  屈海浪  鄂建新  刘春发  缪广  马麒镒  戴毅 《地质学报》2023,97(3):738-752

吉尔吉斯斯坦北天山构造带的矿床学数据缺乏,制约了天山造山带境内外成矿对比。布丘克金矿床位于吉尔吉斯斯坦北天山构造带中部。金矿体为石英复脉,呈带状发育于NWW向韧性剪切带中。矿体倾向SSW,倾角60°～70°,赋矿围岩主要为侵入于早古生代变质碎屑杂岩中的正长斑岩。布丘克金矿床成矿期石英流体包裹体观察、石英H-O同位素、硫化物S同位素测试结果显示,布丘克金矿床石英脉中包裹体大小集中在2～10μm之间,类型以H₂O-CO₂型、富CO₂型、水溶液型包裹体为主,成分以富CO₂、含CH₄为特征。成矿流体具有中温(200～320℃)、低盐度(3%～7%NaCl_eqv)特征;石英δD_V-SMOW值介于-108.1‰～-90.2‰之间,δ¹⁸O_流体值介于4.86‰～9.26‰之间;黄铁矿δ³⁴S分布在0‰左右(-0.9‰～1.6‰)。综合本文数据、矿床地质特征、区域地质资料,本文认为布丘...  相似文献   

地名视角下青海藏族人类活动演变时空分析     

栾桂泽  彭直琰  蔡敬芝  富瑶  宋璐  沈克强  赵飞 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(5):163-168

以青海省95000余条地名数据为研究样本,运用向前逐步回归分析与隐含狄利克雷分布(latent Dirichlet alloca?tion,LDA)模型等方法,系统地分析了青海藏族地名特征及人类活动时空演变规律.结果表明:①藏族聚集区的形成主要受地形与水系的影响,其中地形因素影响最大;②1949年后,受民族政策影响出现大量民族区域自治组织;③许多牧民转为定居劳作形成现在的藏族聚集区;④近300年中,青海藏民的主要迁徙地区为海南藏族自治州及其周边,藏民的迁徙在一定程度上传播了藏传佛教.  相似文献   

An experimental study of effect of pre‐existing fabric on deformation of foliated mylonite at high temperature and pressure     

Gui Liu  Yongsheng Zhou  Changrong He  Wenming Yao  Junlai Liu  Yuanyuan Zhang 《Geological Journal》2016,51(1):92-112

We performed deformation experiments on a foliated mylonite under high temperature and pressure conditions in this study. To investigate the effect of pre‐existing fabric on the rheology of rocks, our samples were drilled from natural mylonite with the cylinder axis parallel to the foliation (PAR) and perpendicular to the foliation (PER). We performed 25 tests on seven PAR samples and 21 tests on seven PER samples at temperatures ranging from 600 to 890 °C, confining pressures ranging from 800 to 1400 MPa, and steady‐state strain rates of 1 × 10⁻⁴, 1 × 10⁻⁵ and 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. In the temperatures of 600–700 °C, the deformation is accommodated by semi‐brittle flow, with the average stress exponent being 6–7 assuming power law flow; in the temperature range of 800–890 °C, deformation is mainly by plastic flow, with an average stress exponent of n = 3 and activation energies of Q = 354 ± 52 kJ/mol (PER and PAR samples). The experimental results show that the strengths of PER samples are higher than those of PAR samples. Deformation microstructures have been studied by optical and electron microscopy. The original foliation of PER samples is destroyed by deformation and replaced by a new foliation, but the deformation of PAR samples followed the original foliation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements show a strong lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of the quartz c axis fabrics of the starting samples and deformed PER and PAR samples. However, the c axis fabric of quartz in experimentally deformed PER and PAR samples varied with temperature and strain rate is different from that seen in the starting mylonite sample. The initial quartz c axis fabric of the starting mylonite sample has been transformed into a new fabric during experimental deformation. Dehydration melting of biotite and hornblende occurred in both PER and PAR samples at temperatures of 800–890 °C. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

遵义市2009/2010年秋冬春连旱事实及形成原因初析     

姚正兰  王君军 《地球科学进展》2011,26(10):1109-1115

2009年秋季到2010年初春,遵义市出现了特大干旱,对农业、林业、人畜饮水、水利电力等方面造成严重的危害和巨大的损失。详细分析干旱期间的气象要素,从秋季9月到初春3月的总降水量不足常年同期平均值的一半,并与历史上的秋冬干旱年份进行了比较,发现本次干旱期间遵义市大部分地方降水量等多项气象要素突破历史最少记录,因此认为2...  相似文献   

甘肃小陇山林区甘肃鼢鼠危害面积的气象预测预报技术研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

许彦平  姚晓红  乔艳君 《地球科学进展》2011,26(8):881-886

甘肃小陇山林区位于我国四大自然植被区系（华北、华中、喜马拉雅、蒙新）交汇处的温带向亚热带过渡带,林业植物种类繁多、茂密,但区内地形、地貌复杂,气候差异大,林业生物灾害频繁,环境气候条件是其发生发展的主要制约因素。为此,进行区内林业生物灾害的气象预测预报技术研究,对林业有害生物灾害的预防、防治和林业产业发展具有显著的指导...  相似文献   

临沂市兰山区城乡建设用地增减挂钩工作探讨     

冯帆  谭晓彤  杜骁  艾文晖  周冉 《山东地质》2011,(5):42-45

城乡建设用地增减挂钩是改善农村生产生活条件和环境,实现城乡统筹,建立城乡统一的土地市场的必然要求。通过对临沂市兰山区的分析,在对＂挂钩政策＂实施中存在的问题分析的基础上,得出＂挂钩政策＂应遵循的基本原则,提出了在挂钩政策下的一条切实可行的操作模式,并依此提出政策建议,为政府决策提供了依据,使其为新农村建设做出更大的贡献。  相似文献